Climate change is no longer a distant threat, its impacts are being felt across India, affecting health, gender equity, and economic stability. According to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, former chief scientist of the World Health Organization, nearly everyone in the country is now vulnerable to these effects, ranging from extreme heat and air pollution to vector-borne diseases.
Dr. Swaminathan emphasized the disproportionate impact of climate change on women and children, especially in rural areas. “Women in rural India face heightened health risks due to the continued reliance on solid fuels for cooking,” she explained, highlighting the need for clean energy access as a priority. Such transitions not only reduce health hazards but also contribute to reducing India’s carbon footprint.
Health Risks and Urban Challenges
The health risks posed by climate change in India are diverse, including respiratory illnesses caused by air pollution and malnutrition due to disrupted agricultural cycles. More than 80% of the population is now exposed to these dangers, with urban migrants and the peri-urban poor particularly at risk due to inadequate housing and sanitation.
Dr. Swaminathan advocated for sustainable public transport systems as a dual solution. “Carbon-neutral public transport not only cuts air pollution but also encourages physical activity, improving public health,” she said. Urban centers, with their dense populations and high pollution levels, remain hotspots for these challenges.
Linking Health and Climate Policies
Integrated policies that address both climate resilience and development goals are essential, Dr. Swaminathan noted. Clean cooking fuels, safe drinking water, and weather-resilient infrastructure are examples of initiatives that can simultaneously address climate and health challenges.
She also called for a gendered approach to climate policy, emphasizing the importance of focusing on women and marginalized communities. “By ensuring gender equity and social equity in climate policies, we can create more effective and inclusive solutions,” she said.
Economic Costs and Global Collaboration
The economic toll of climate change is significant. Studies show that air pollution alone costs the global economy trillions of dollars annually, impacting productivity, agriculture, and healthcare. Dr. Swaminathan argued that climate action is both a moral and economic necessity.
Air pollution, a cross-border issue, requires global collaboration. “Pollution doesn’t recognize borders,” she pointed out, urging India and other nations to work together. She cited the Our Common Air Commission as an example of international efforts to standardize air quality monitoring and address pollutants like methane and black carbon.
A Vision for Climate-Resilient Development
For Dr. Swaminathan, addressing climate change is intrinsically linked to India’s development goals. While progress has been made in expanding access to electricity and clean water, significant gaps remain in rural infrastructure.
“India has the potential to lead in climate adaptation,” she said, highlighting the role of innovation and global cooperation. By prioritizing green infrastructure and sustainable urbanization, India can become a global model for balancing development with environmental health.
With a collaborative approach and commitment to sustainable practices, India can pave the way for a healthier, more resilient future in the face of climate change.
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