The menstrual hygiene industry, valued in billions globally, has transformed women’s health by providing convenience and accessibility. However, many women remain unaware of the hidden health risks associated with commonly used sanitary pads and tampons. Studies reveal that these products often contain harmful toxins and chemicals, such as dioxins, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances, which may pose serious health risks. Raising awareness and exploring safer, sustainable alternatives is essential for safeguarding women’s well-being.
8 Health Risks Associated with Sanitary Pads and Tampons
1. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
One of the most serious risks linked to tampon usage is Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), a rare but potentially fatal condition caused by bacterial toxins. Super-absorbent tampons, if left in for extended periods, provide an ideal environment for bacteria to grow. To mitigate this risk, women are advised to follow strict hygiene practices and use tampons with lower absorbency.
2. Chemical Exposure
Sanitary pads and tampons often undergo bleaching processes that introduce harmful chemicals such as dioxins and chlorine. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified dioxins as potential carcinogens, and cumulative exposure may increase cancer risks. Opting for unbleached or organic menstrual products can significantly reduce chemical exposure.
3. Allergic Reactions and Skin Irritation
Many menstrual products contain synthetic fragrances, adhesives, and artificial materials that can irritate sensitive skin. Women with allergies or sensitive skin are particularly vulnerable. Using fragrance-free and hypoallergenic products can help minimise these risks.
4. Hormonal Disruptions
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates and bisphenols, are sometimes found in menstrual products. These chemicals mimic hormones, potentially disrupting hormonal balance and causing reproductive issues over time. Switching to certified organic products can help avoid exposure to EDCs.
5. Risk of Infections
Improper hygiene practices or unsanitary menstrual products can lead to infections like bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, or urinary tract infections. Tampons, in particular, may increase the risk of bacterial transmission if not changed frequently. Regular changes and proper cleaning practices are critical.
6. Environmental Impact
Non-biodegradable menstrual products have a significant environmental footprint. In India alone, over 12 billion pads are discarded annually, taking hundreds of years to decompose. Switching to reusable alternatives like menstrual cups and cloth pads can help alleviate this burden on the environment.
7. Cervical Cancer Risks
Though research is ongoing, prolonged exposure to toxins found in menstrual products is hypothesised to increase the risk of cervical cancer. Experts recommend choosing minimally processed, chemical-free products to reduce this potential danger.
8. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Leaving tampons in for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial migration to the reproductive organs, potentially leading to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). This condition can cause chronic pain and fertility issues if untreated.
Safer Alternatives to Conventional Menstrual Products
To address the health and environmental concerns of conventional products, several safer, eco-friendly alternatives are available:
- Menstrual Cups
Made from medical-grade silicone, menstrual cups are reusable, chemical-free, and environmentally sustainable. They reduce both health risks and waste, making them a popular choice. - Organic Cotton Pads and Tampons
Free from harmful chemicals, these biodegradable options provide a safer alternative for menstrual care. - Cloth Pads
Washable and reusable, cloth pads are cost-effective, durable, and eco-friendly. - Period Underwear
Designed with absorbent layers, period underwear provides a convenient and sustainable option for managing menstruation. - Reusable Bamboo Pads
Bamboo-based pads are another natural alternative that offers minimal environmental impact.
Breaking the Taboo and Prioritising Women’s Health
Despite progress in menstrual hygiene awareness, societal taboos surrounding menstruation often hinder open discussions. This lack of dialogue can result in limited knowledge about the potential risks of conventional menstrual products.
Addressing these challenges requires a collective effort to promote education, adopt safer menstrual practices, and advocate for stricter regulations in the manufacturing of menstrual hygiene products. Women’s health deserves attention, not only as an individual responsibility but as a societal priority.
Also Read: From Pesticides To Heavy Metals: How Environmental Pollutants Can Trigger Blood Cancer
