Research Shows Basic Blood Test Can Foresee Dementia 15 Years Prior to Diagnosis

A recent study reveals that a straightforward blood test may have the ability to forecast dementia up to 15 years before it manifests clinically. Scientists have long sought methods for early detection to potentially delay or mitigate the effects of dementia, a condition characterized by the progressive loss or damage of nerve cells in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and impairment.

Researchers from the UK and China conducted a study demonstrating the efficacy of blood protein profiles in predicting dementia well in advance of its diagnosis. These proteins, known as biomarkers, serve as indicators of normal or abnormal physiological processes or the presence of a disease.

The study, published in the journal Nature Aging and led by scientists from the University of Warwick and Fudan University, Shanghai, involved analyzing blood samples from over 50,000 healthy participants enrolled in the UK Biobank. They found that a subset of individuals who later developed dementia exhibited abnormal levels of protein biomarkers in their blood.

Utilizing machine learning techniques, the researchers identified a specific panel of 11 proteins, including Glial Fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), that accurately predicted future dementia cases when combined with traditional risk factors such as age, sex, education level, and genetic predisposition. The model’s accuracy surpassed 90%, potentially opening avenues for community-based dementia screening programs.

Early detection is essential for effective intervention, especially with promising drug therapies like lecanemab, which may slow or reverse Alzheimer’s progression when administered early. Lead author Professor Jianfeng Feng hopes that future drugs may target the proteins identified in the study.

Co-corresponding author Professor Wei Cheng highlighted the non-invasive nature of proteomic biomarkers, which could streamline large-scale population screening efforts compared to previous methods that relied on invasive procedures or expensive imaging techniques.

The study represents a significant advancement in dementia prediction, offering optimism for improved screening methods and timely intervention strategies for individuals at risk of developing the condition.