Study Suggests Genetic Influence on Blood Pressure Begins in Early Childhood

Certain genes associated with hypertension can impact blood pressure from a young age, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. However, some actions can be taken to mitigate these risks.

Karsten Ovretveit, a PhD Candidate at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s (NTNU) Department of Public Health and Nursing, highlights that even minor differences in blood pressure, though falling within the normal range, can persist throughout one’s life. These differences are often influenced by genetic factors.

Ovretveit’s research, published in the journal Obesity, demonstrates that genetic factors play a significant role in blood pressure regulation from childhood through adulthood. The study utilized genetic data from large population studies to develop a genetic risk score, indicating an individual’s predisposition to high blood pressure.

The research underscores the importance of identifying individuals at higher risk early on to implement preventive measures. By maintaining optimal blood pressure levels, individuals with a high genetic risk score can reduce their disease susceptibility, potentially more effectively than those considered genetically protected.

The study analyzed health data from participants in the HUNT Study from Trondelag and the British ‘Children of the 90s’ study. By comparing individuals with the highest and lowest genetic risk scores, researchers observed higher average blood pressure levels among those with a higher risk from as early as age three, persisting into adulthood.

While the differences in blood pressure may seem minor, their long-term impact on disease risk, such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases, is significant. However, the study also highlights the potential for risk reduction through lifestyle changes and medication.

Ovretveit and colleagues utilized findings from a large-scale genetic study on blood pressure, emphasizing the value of genetic data from extensive population studies. Although the study primarily involved European populations, efforts are underway to develop genetic risk scores adaptable to various populations.

Overall, the research underscores the complexity of blood pressure regulation and the potential for genetic data to inform preventive strategies against hypertension and associated diseases.