Ecuadorians are voting Sunday in a presidential runoff, the second election in less than two years, the Associated Press reported. Polls opened at 7 a.m. local time (1200 GMT; 8 a.m. EST) and will close at 5 p.m. (2200 GMT; 6 p.m. EST), with initial results expected to be out around two hours after the polling. Here’s all you need to know about Ecuador’s crucial election:

Who Are the Top Contenders?

  • The choice is between:
    • Daniel Noboa—the incumbent president, a conservative and young millionaire, and
    • Luisa Gonzáleza leftist lawyer and former lawmaker.

Is Voting Mandatory?

  • More than 13 million people are eligible to vote, and voting is mandatory for adults up to 65 years old, the report said.
  • Voting, however, is optional for ages 16-17 and those over 65.
  • According to the report, non-voters face a $46 fine.

 What Are the Top Concerns?

  • Reports suggest voters are mainly worried about extortions, killings, and kidnappings, especially since 2021.
  • The surge in violence is reportedly linked to trafficking of cocaine produced in Colombia and Peru.
  • Both candidates have promised tough-on-crime policies, better police equipment, and international cooperation to fight drug cartels and gangs.

What Happened Last Time?

  • According to the AP report, Noboa and González – relatively less known during the 2023 snap election – were first-term lawmakers when then-President Guillermo Lasso dissolved the National Assembly in May 2023, triggering early elections.
  • In the October 2023 runoff, Noboa beat González, even though both had similar support ratings: Noboa: 44.17% and González: 44%

 What Are Analysts Saying?

  • Analysts are expecting Sunday’s results to have a very tight margin, the report said, adding that the presidential race is too close to call, with both candidates promising solutions to the country’s most urgent problems.

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